The review summarises the key issues discussed at the meetings of the profile sections of the Scientific and Technical Council of JSC "NIIAS" in the second half of 2024. The existing problems were analysed and the tasks of future research in the key directions of scientific and technological development of the Institute were proposed. In particular, the issues of quality control of hierarchical systems management on the example of railway traffic polygon management, the current state and directions of development of radio communication systems and means of ensuring technological processes of train driving in the "virtual coupling" mode were discussed. The current state and prospects of application of LPWAN networks for tasks of diagnostics of infrastructure of JSC "Russian Railways", as well as problems of development of PSTP for DMR systems on VSZhM-1 in conditions of limitation of frequency resources in the allocated frequency bands are discussed. A method of ensuring the safety of complex systems under the influence of adverse factors and events is proposed. Scientific and practical problems of normative regulation in the field of functional safety and information protection of microprocessor devices and systems of railway automation and telemechanics in JSC "NIIAS" are outlined.

The article studies a new type of transport management using knowledge models. The use of knowledge models leads to the use of ontologies. The methods of constructing ontologies and the factors associated with their construction are studied this is the heterogeneity of information, the use of network spatial structures and the use of geoinformatics. The article explores the experience of using ontologies to solve problems in the field of transport. Ontologies are advisable to use in cases where there are large data sets and complex traffic situations. The use of ontologies for transport management has been practiced for the past twenty years, but until now no general methodology for their construction has been developed. This article provides some general principles for constructing transport ontologies. The use of ontologies is especially important in the context of transport intellectualization; ontological management is necessary for digital and unmanned transport.

China is the leader in the development of high-speed railways and is actively developing technological radio communication systems to equip highspeed lines. The article discusses the main characteristics of the existing technological radio communication 450 MHz and GSM-R, identifies the features of the development of the Chinese Train Control System (CTCS), the stages of migration to broadband wireless communications based on FRMCS specifications, and provides examples of the use of 5G on Chinese railways.

The article examines the development features of transport geoinformatics, in the development of geoinformatics and informatics. Its roots are the geography of transport networks. The analysis of the structure of transport geoinformatics is given. A linguistic analysis of the concepts of transport geoinformatics is performed. The difference between a transport category and a definition is shown. Transport geoinformatics includes management theory and is therefore used to manage transport infrastructure. The features of transport geoinformatics that distinguish it from conventional geoinformatics are noted. The methods of spatial monitoring as the main tool for obtaining spatial information about transport infrastructure are described. The importance of geoinformation modeling for solving analysis and management problems is shown.

The purpose of the work is to study the methods of satellite positioning as applied to determining the location of moving objects. The motivation for writing the article was the terminological inconsistency that occurs in some sources of literature. In particular, differential positioning is mistakenly called high-precision, and high-precision is not mentioned. The article shows the difference between GPS positioning, DGPS positioning and precise point positioning PPP. The content of each technology is disclosed and a taxonomy of the implementation of methods is given. It is shown that for transport tasks it is advisable to apply the concept of PPP in real time (RT-PPP). To calculate corrections to GNSS orbits and clocks in real time, it is advisable to use the dynamic and semi-dynamic method.

The article examines the information models used in machine vision systems. The content of machine vision systems is disclosed in terms of their belonging to the field of information technology. Two main subsystems are described. The main information models used in machine vision systems are described. These are models of the information situation of four types. Machine vision systems are used as a means of supporting the actions of the driver and as a means of controlling unmanned transport. The types of sensors used in machine vision systems are studied. The feasibility of using an artificial neural network for situational analysis is noted. The difference between stationary, mobile and on-board machine vision systems is shown. The main functions of the on-board machine vision system are described.

The scientific-technical problem of modern microprocessor multilevel interval control of train movement systems immunity securing for electromagnetic pulses of intentional impact is considered. Penetration of these pulses through parasitic antennas discontinuities of such systems apparature cabinets is considered. The models of intentional electromagnetic impacts are described. The opportunity of electromagnetic pulses modeling by linear-frequency modulated impulses and by monatomic functions is analyzed. The improved analytical method for diffraction calculation, based on Hertz vector usage, is proposed for usage.