This article presents a comprehensive analysis of international approaches to managing scientific and technological developments in the railway industry. R&D organizational models in the United States, other countries of the European Union, Germany, South Korea, Japan, China, and India are examined. Particular attention is paid to the Russian governance model, including the supranational level of coordination within the CIS Railway Transport Council, the corporate level of the Russian Railways holding company, and its scientific and industrial complex. Key trends are identified: the decisive role of the state as a strategic investor and source of funding, the consolidation of efforts within public-private partnership, and the flexibility of priority research areas. An extensive comparative analysis of governance models is presented based on a variety of criteria. Special attention is paid to the real options methodology as a tool for improving the efficiency of innovative project management under conditions of high uncertainty. A mathematical model for assessing the cost of flexibility in R&D project management based on the Black-Scholes formula is proposed. It is concluded that the choice of a development management model is determined not only by economic efficiency but also by geopolitical strategies.

Russia is actively pursuing the digital transformation of its road transport sector through the deployment of advanced Intelligent Transportation Systems (hereinafter referred to as ITS). The purpose of this article is to analyze the Russian Federation’s degree of import dependency or independence in the segment of ITS peripheral hardware and software used on public roads. To this end, the article examines data collected by the Federal State Unitary Enterprise «ROSDORNII» from 2010 to 2025 via surveys of ITS owners (operators). Based on this dataset, the study investigates trends in import substitution within intelligent road traffic management systems, with a focus on equipment types and countries of origin. The findings are contextualized against global practices and international experience. On the basis of this analysis, the article offers a comprehensive assessment of Russia’s technological sovereignty in the ITS domain and identifies key challenges and future development prospects for ITS deployment on the country’s public road network.

Ensuring the safety of railway traffic is a complex problem, the resolution of which requires the involvement of new developments in various fields of science and technology. Among them, the latest achievements related to the use of information and information-measuring methods and technologies are among the most in-demand. The article focuses on new information coding systems, the need for which is driven by the rapid increase in the power of interference that affects data exchange. The known methods do not fully meet the requirements, and the need to switch to interval technologies for organizing train traffic only increases the emerging distrust of the ability to improve the level of railway traffic safety based on the existing noise-resistant coding of transmitted information.

The article discusses the possibilities of using large language models as a decision-making support tool in transport companies. It shows how modern natural language processing technologies can be integrated into a transport process management system to automate the preparation of analytical reports, dispatch control, and document flow. Based on practical cases, the architectural principles of integrating artificial cognitive agents into the information infrastructure of a transport enterprise are demonstrated. Recommendations are made for the implementation of the technology, taking into account the specifics of the transport industry and safety requirements.

A person is the central element of the driver car road environment system, the safety of which largely depends on his actions and decisions. Even in unmanned vehicles, there is a human presence that monitors and controls the process. The article is part of a study aimed at assessing the driver’s level of involvement in driving highly automated vehicles and his ability to quickly regain control in the event of a critical situation, as well as determining his ability to initiate appropriate actions in conditions of distraction. The article describes the preparation for an experiment that allows to evaluate the involvement of a human driver in the control process when interacting with automated transport control systems. The main attention is paid to the description of the complex, with the help of which the process of movement of a highly automated vehicle is simulated.

The implementation of predictive intelligent diagnostic systems in the maintenance of rolling stock requires not only a reliable data collection and analysis architecture, but also effective user interaction. One of the key elements is data visualization, which allows operators, engineers, and technicians to quickly and accurately interpret technical information. The purpose of the article is to substantiate the need for user-friendly and intuitive interfaces in diagnostic systems, to investigate the impact of visualization on the cognitive load of staff, and to propose approaches and examples of graphical solutions. The paper analyzes the main types of graphs and their applicability in the context of locomotive operation, examines aspects of user experience and interface design, taking into account the specifics of the railway industry. The emphasis is placed on improving the efficiency of decision-making based on visual data.

The article provides a detailed review of the work of the Scientific and Technical Council of JSC «NIIAS» in 2025: from strategic planning and discussion of the fundamental foundations of robotics to solving applied engineering problems. Special attention in 2025 was paid to the implementation of unmanned control, artificial intelligence systems and cybersecurity technologies in railway infrastructure. The review records key achievements in the field of asset monitoring, station digitalization and high-speed rail design. The conclusions of this article emphasize the importance of scientific expertise and the defense of dissertations for forming the methodological basis of future innovations. The review presents a comprehensive analysis of the process of transforming railways into a high-tech digital environment. References are provided to publications of JSC «NIIAS» for 2025, which elaborate on the issues mentioned in the review.